2:63
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
By fufilling the covenant (possibly the one in 2/83 though I prefer 2/40-46 as it came first although it lacks the word mithaq), Allah raised above bani israil their destiny (thawwar is to augur, thoor is destiny). They are to take what is given to them with strength (showing physical and mental develpment) and to vivify what is in that covenant to be preservant.
2:64
ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ فَلَوْلا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَكُنْتُمْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
The fadhl and rahmah (preference of Allah and the means of evolution) is necessary for those who turn away so they don’t become losers.
2:65
وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنْكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ
It seems to me that as-sabt in this case refers to a state of rest/rejuvenation after the taking one’s destiny. These people overstepped the limits of rest and thus have fallen into the state of ape-ishness (perhaps playfulness or even monkey see monkey do)
2:66
فَجَعَلْنَاهَا نَكَالا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَمَا خَلْفَهَا وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
This incident is an example for the muttaqeen, those who remain preservant against this process of degeneration
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